Mackie CR1604 Owner's Manual download pdf (Page 37)

second, which gives us the sensation of pitch,

harmonics, tone and overtones. Frequency is

measured in units called Hertz (Hz). One Hertz

is one repetition or cycle per second.

gain

The measure of how much a circuit ampli-

fies a signal. Gain may be stated as a ratio of

input to output values, such as a voltage gain

of 4, or a power gain of 1.5, or it can be ex-

pressed in decibels, such as a line amplifier

with a gain of 10dB.

gain stage

An amplification point in a signal path,

either within a system or a single device.

Overall system gain is distributed between the

various gain stages.

graphic EQ

A graphic equalizer uses slide pots for its

boost/cut controls, with its frequencies evenly

spaced through the audio spectrum. In a per-

fect world, a line drawn through the centers

of the control shafts would form a graph of

the frequency response curve. Get it? Or, the

positions of the slide pots give a graphic rep-

resentation of boost or cut levels across the

frequency spectrum.

ground

Also called earth. Ground is defined as the

point of zero voltage in a circuit or system, the

reference point from which all other voltages

are measured. In electrical systems, ground

connections are used for safety purposes, to

keep equipment chassis and controls at zero

voltage and to provide a safe path for errant

currents. This is called a safety ground.

Maintaining a good safety ground is always

essential to prevent electrical shock. Follow

manufacturer’s suggestions and good electrical

practices to ensure a safely grounded system.

Never remove or disable the grounding pin on

the power cord.

In computer and audio equipment, tiny cur-

rents and voltages can cause noise in the

circuits and hamper operation. In addition to

providing safety, ground provisions in these

situations serve to minimize the pickup, detec-

tion and distribution of these tiny noise

signals. This type of ground is often called

technical ground.

Quality audio equipment is designed to main-

tain a good technical ground and also operate

safely with a good safety ground. If you have

noise in your system due to technical grounding

problems, check your manual for wiring tips or

call technical support. Never disable the safety

ground to reduce noise problems.

ground loop

A ground loop occurs when the technical

ground within an audio system is connected to

the safety ground at more than one place. Two

or more connections will allow tiny currents to

flow in the loops created, possibly inducing

noise (hum) in the audio system. If you have

noise in your system due to ground loops,

check your manual for wiring tips or call tech-

nical support. Never disable the safety ground

to reduce noise problems.

Haas effect

A psychoacoustic effect in which the time of

arrival of a sound to the left and right ears af-

fects our perception of direction. If a signal is

presented to both ears at the same time at the

same volume, it appears to be directly in front

of us. But if the signal to one ear, still at the

same volume, is delayed slightly (0 to 5 msec),

the sound appears to be coming from the ear-

lier (non-delayed) side.

headroom

The difference between nominal operating

level and peak clipping in an audio system. For

example, a mixer operating with a nominal

line level of +4dBu and a maximum output

level of +22dBu has 18dB of headroom. Plenty

of room for surprise peaks.

Hertz

The unit of measure for frequency of oscilla-

tion, equal to 1 cycle per second. Abbreviated

Hz. KHz is pronounced “kay-Hertz” and is an

abbreviation for kilohertz, or 1000 Hertz.

house

In Sound Reinforcement parlance, “house”

refers to the systems (and even persons) re-

sponsible for the primary sound reinforcement

in a given hall, building, arena or “house.”

Hence we have the house mixer or house engi-

neer, the house mix, the house mix amps, the

main house speakers and so on.

See Hertz.

impedance

The A.C. resistance/capacitance/inductance

in an electrical circuit, measured in ohms. In

audio circuits (and other AC circuits) the im-

pedance in ohms can often be much different

from the circuit resistance as measured by a

DC ohmmeter.

Maintaining proper circuit impedance rela-

tionships is important to avoid distortion and

minimize added noise. Mackie input and out-

put impedances are set to work well with the

vast majority of audio equipment.

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Mackie CR1604 Owner's Manual Page 37

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